Clay spreading is a proven method for the amelioration of the water repellence and the improvement of productivity but it requires high initial capital investments and the outcomes can be quite variable.The aim of this trial is to identify the best combination/s of clay application rate and the subsequent method of incorporation in the topsoil (in combination with deep ripping) in order to increase the cost-effectiveness of this soil amelioration option in the northern region.Overall, tillage methods had a significant and negative effect on yield, with only the one-way plough tillage having a positive effect in comparison to the control treatment. Yields increased with increasing incorporation of subsoil clay, although the result was not statistically significant.

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